what were some laws and regulations at affected African Americans Or Women in the 1900s?

Tickle Me Luuey: what were some laws and regulations at affected African Americans Or Women in the 1900s?
I know that woman go the right to vote during that time, and there were the Jim Crow laws, but what else?

Answers and Views:

Answer by Anna P
19th amendment to the Constitution
repeal of the Jim Crow Laws

Civil Rights Act of 1964 (several updates)
Voting Rights Act
Title IX, women in athletics
various voting laws repealed in southern states (poll tax)

EEO legislation regarding employment and public access

Answer by Chris L
1900Georgia enacts Jim Crow Seating on streetcars. North Carolina & Virginia (1901), Louisiana (1902), Arkansas, South Carolina, & Tennessee (1903), Mississippi & Maryland (1904), Florida (1905).

1903U.S. Supreme Court upholds the Alabama Constitution’s exclusion of Negro’s from politics (literacy tests).

1906San Francisco establishes separate schools for Chinese, Japanese and Korean children.

1917U.S. Supreme Court overturns housing separation ordinance of Louisville, Kentucky.

1918The Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia (Micronesian), the Northern Marinas, and Palau were German Territories until the end of World War I. They were transferred by treaty as Trust Territories of the United States.

192019th Amendment – granted women the right to vote.

1921Snyder Act creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) as a bureau with a purpose and intent.

1924Indian citizenship Act makes Native Americans citizens of the United States.

National Origin Act limits immigration levels to 2% of the United States, population for that nationality in 1890. The act excludes Japanese nationals and effectively limits immigration of eastern and southern Europeans.

1925Gitlow v. New York establishes the 14th Amendment protection of the Bill of Rights. This effectively overturns the 1873 Slaughterhouse decision limiting 14th amendment protection. Additional cases further establish constitutional protection against state interference in civil rights. Whitney V. California (1972), Stromburg v. California (1931), Near v. Minnesota (1931) and Powell v. Alabama – 1st Scottsboro case (1932).

1927U.S. Supreme Court overturns Texas law barring Negroes from voting in ‘white’ primaries.

National Origin Act, Amendment prohibits Asian immigrants.

1934Indian reorganization Act (Wheeler-Howard) ended severalty of 1887.

The Johnson-O’Malley Act establishes a cooperative program between Federal and State programs in agriculture, education, health, and welfare relating to Native Americans.

1935The Philippines obtained semi-independence by a constitution approved by the United States Congress. This was after a series of insurrections. In 1946, the Philippines became an independent republic with close ties to the United States.

1938Missouri, Ex Rel Gaines v. Canada, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that states must provide equal educational facilities for Negroes.

1941 U.S. Supreme Court ruled that separate railroad facilities must be ‘substantially equal’.

Executive Order 8802 bans discrimination in War industries.

1942President Roosevelt signs an executive order placing Japanese Americans in Internment camps.

1946The Indian Claims Commission is created to investigate violations of Indian treaties and to make reparations.

1948Sipuel v. University of Oklahoma – states must “as soon as it provides it for” whites legally required education.

Shelley v. Kraemer – federal and state courts may not enforce restrictive covenants.

California Supreme court rules that statutes banning inter-racial marriages are a violation of the state Constitution.

1949Sweatt case – more than physical structures are required to have separate but equal facilities.

Mclaurin case – students cannot be segregated after an admission to programs.

Henderson case – ‘curtains, partitions and signs’ may not be used to separate Negro dining car patrons from white patrons.

1951Local courts in Washington D.C. rule segregation in restaurants illegal.

New York City prohibits discrimination in public housing.

U.S. Government begins compliance with anti-discrimination provisions in government contracts.

1953U.S. Supreme Court rules that Washington D.C. area restaurants could not refuse to serve Negroes.

1954Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka – segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.

The U.S. Army ends all Negro regiments.

1955U.S. Supreme Court rules that public schools be integrated with ‘all deliberate speed.’

Federal Court rules that segregation on Montgomery city, Alabama busses is un-Constitutional. Upheld by U.S. Supreme Court.

1957Civil Rights Act of 1957 – established the commission on Civil Rights to investigate violations of the civil rights of individuals.

New York City legislates against racial and religious discrimination in the housing market, public and private.

1960Civil Rights Act of 1960 – appointed referees to assist blacks to register to vote.

San Antonio, Texas ends segregation at lunch counters. More than 150 lunch counters in 112 southern cities were segregated at that time.

Memphis, Tennessee consents in federal court to end voting restrictions against Negroes.

1961Regulations issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission prohibiting segregation at bus terminals and on buses.

196424 Amendment – barred poll taxes in federal elections.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 – prohibited discrimination in public business’ (restaurants, hotels, and others that serve the general public) from discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, or national origin; – prohibited discrimination by employers and unions; – established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

1965Voting Rights Act of 1965 prohibited literacy tests in southern states.

1967Age Discrimination in Employment Act (amended the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938).

Executive Order 11375 prohibited sex discrimination.

1968Civil Rights Act of 1968 – ended discrimination in the sale or rental of housing.

Architectural Barriers Act, requires accessible designs for all construction and remodeling done with federal funds.

1969Executive Order 11478 established affirmative action throughout the federal government.

1970Voting Rights Act of 1965 amended to prohibited literacy tests in all states.

President Nixon signs law providing 18 year olds the right to vote.

1972Equal Employment Opportunity Act amended Civil Rights Act of 1964.

1973Rehabilitation Act of 1973.

1978Pregnancy Discrimination Act amended Civil Rights Act of 1964 to protect women during pregnancy from job loss.

1980Passamaquoddy and Penobscot Land Suit settled against the State of Maine. The court determined that 2/3rd of Maine was illegally taken from the tribes. Payment of $ 81.5 million is to be made in lieu of returning the land.

Sioux Land Claim Suit settled against the United States. The court determined that Black Hills of South Dakota were illegally taken from the Sioux Nation. Payment of $ 122.5 million is to be made in lieu of returning the lands.

1982The Supreme Court upholds tribal rights to tax production of natural resource extraction (gas, oil, minerals) companies on reservation lands.

1986The Marshall Islanders, the Micronesians, and Palau chose independence. They have maintained an association with the United States.

The Northern Marianas became a commonwealth nation of the United States with full citizenship.

1990Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, requires all employers to provide accessible work places for employees and customers.

1991Civil Rights Act of 1991 includes:
-Federal Civil Rights Remedies, proving putative damages,
-Glass Ceiling Act, expanding management opportunities for women, and
-Government Employee Rights Act.

1992The Supreme Court rules that state laws cannot ban racial, religious, or sexual insults as ‘hate speech’ or ‘bias crimes’.

1994Family and Medical Leave Act.

Family Friendly Leave Act expands on the Family Medical Leave Act in the federal workplace.

1995The Supreme Court rules (Bakke case) that race can be used to meet “compelling government interest”.

The Supreme Court rules that Congressional Districts drawn using race as a ‘predominant factor’.

The Supreme Court rules that the University of Virginia is constitutionally required to fund religious magazines the same way it funds other campus magazines.